Autism Spectrum Disorder: Myths and Truths

For our final blog post highlighting and working to bring acceptance to autism, we want to bring awareness to and debunk common myths related to autism. You can learn more about autism spectrum disorder, how it has helped individuals excel in their fields, and more about masking in our previous blog posts. There are some harmful and damaging myths out there related to autism and we want to help set the record straight.

Autism is NOT caused by bad parenting

A longstanding myth about autism is that it is related to bad parenting. This idea likely stems from outdated theories, like the “refrigerator mother” theory, which suggested that emotionally distant mothers were responsible for their children developing autism (in addition to a host of other things).

The Truth: Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that is believed to have genetic and environmental factors, but it is not caused by how parents raise their children. Autism tends to run in families, which lends more support to a genetic component. While early intervention and a supportive environment can make a big difference, autism itself is not a result of bad parenting.

People with Autism Don't Want to Connect with Others

A common misconception is that individuals with autism are uninterested in socializing or forming relationships with others. This myth suggests that autistic individuals simply don’t care about social interactions or connections.

The Truth: Most people with autism do want to connect with others. Differences related to their social communication skills can get in the way. More awareness and acceptance of communication differences can help with this. It’s important to understand that social difficulties within autism are not a lack of interest but rather a different way of engaging with the world. With the right support and understanding, individuals with autism can (and want) to build meaningful relationships.

Autism is Always Diagnosed in Early Childhood

There’s a belief that autism can only be diagnosed when a child is very young and that any later diagnosis is less accurate or valid.

The Truth: While many individuals are diagnosed early, it is possible for autism to be diagnosed at any time across the age span, even later later in life, especially if symptoms are less obvious or if they were mistaken for other conditions. Some individuals may be diagnosed in their teenage years or even adulthood, especially if they’ve learned to mask or manage their symptoms in social settings. The more researchers learn about autism, the more they are beginning to recognize that autism presents differently and along a broader spectrum than initially recognized.

Individuals with Autism Lack Empathy

Another damaging myth is the idea that people with autism are incapable of empathy or understanding other people's feelings. This myth stems from the social challenges associated with autism, particularly the differences some individuals may have in reading facial expressions or understanding social cues.

The Truth: Most individuals with autism do experience and feel empathy. The difference is that they may express feelings in ways that may be unexpected. Someone with autism might not show empathy in outwardly emotional ways that people expect, but that doesn’t mean they don’t care. For example, they might not offer a hug to a friend who is crying but may put their hand on their shoulder or stare. Many people on the spectrum are deeply sensitive to the emotions of others but might struggle with recognizing or expressing their empathy in conventional ways.

Autism Only Affects Boys

It’s often said that autism is a condition that only or primarily affects boys. This myth can lead to girls with autism being underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, as their symptoms may not be as overt or may present differently.

The Truth: Autism is diagnosed more often in boys yet it affects both genders. With continued research, we are learning that autistic girls may present differently than females, which can sometimes lead to a later diagnosis or a missed diagnosis. Females may develop better social skills or may mask to a different degree than males or may not display the same behaviors that are often associated with the traditional view of autism. As awareness grows, more attention is being given to how autism presents in females, but it is still important to recognize that autism is not gender specific.

Autism Can Be "Cured" with Treatment

Many people believe that with enough therapy or intervention, a person with autism can be "cured" or "fixed." This misconception can place unrealistic pressure on individuals with autism and their families to try and "erase" the condition.

The Truth: Autism is a brain-based difference and is a lifelong condition. There is no cure. What might be observed with behavior in mind is based within the brain. In addition, an individual with autism does not need to be “cured” because autism is not a disease (like a strep infection). Autism is a difference that warrants recognition and acceptance.

People with Autism Can’t Live Independent Lives

There’s a misunderstanding that people with autism will always need significant support throughout their lives and will never be able to live independently, hold a job, have a relationship, or raise a child.

The Truth: Autism is a spectrum, and every individual is different. Dr. Stephen Shore once said, “When you meet one person with Autism, you’ve met one person with Autism.” Many autistic individuals can lead fulfilling, happy, and independent lives. Some may need assistance with daily tasks or social interactions, while others may thrive in careers, relationships, and hobbies. It’s important to focus on strengths and provide opportunities for independence whenever possible.

Final Thoughts

There are many autism spectrum disorder myths and misconceptions, but the most important thing to remember is that autism is a spectrum, and each person with autism is a unique individual with their own strengths, challenges, and personality. In addition, autism occurs because of a unique interplay between genetics and environment that is not yet fully understood. Autism is a difference that warrants understanding, recognition, and acceptance. Nothing is “wrong” with someone who has autism; thus nothing needs to be “cured” or “fixed”. By dispelling myths and embracing a more accurate understanding of autism, we can foster a more inclusive and supportive environment for everyone.

ADHD - Autism - Executive Functioning - Learning Disorders