As a parent, it is natural to feel concerned about your child, especially if you notice them struggling with reading, writing, math, or even following simple directions. These challenges can be part of the typical developmental process. For some children, these concerns can signal the presence of an underlying learning disorder. Learning disorders are neurodevelopmental conditions (meaning they are present from birth as the result of a difference in how the brain was created) that impact how a child processes, understands, and responds to information. A learning disorder can impact any academic area, most typically reading, writing, and/or math. Since reading can occur in other academic areas, like science or history, a learning disability can have a big impact on many academic subjects.
Early identification is very important to ensure a student with a learning disorder receives the right support so that they can reach their full potential. In this post, we’ll explore how early learning disorders can be identified and/or diagnosed, and what steps parents can take to ensure their child receives the help they need as soon as possible.
What is a Learning Disorder?
As mentioned above, learning disorders can occur in reading, writing, and/or math. They impact how a student learns in that specific area. A student with a learning disorder often has average to above-average cognitive skills. A learning disorder is not connected to a child’s effort, as many students often work harder than peers, or their motivation, as many are very motivated to learn. Instead, a learning disorder reflects how a student’s brain processes information. Learning disorders can be present along with other differences, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). LINK. When other disorders are present, it is important to ensure that a student receives support in all areas of difference to ensure the best outcome.
Signs
Signs of a learning disorder can be subtle, especially in younger children. The earlier warning signs are identified, the sooner the student can receive help. It is also important to keep in mind that every child learns at their own pace, so the presence of one or two of the below signs does not necessarily mean a learning disability is present. However, if several signs persist over time, it would be worthwhile to take the next step.
Here are some common, early signs that a child may have or be at additional risk for a learning disorder:
Speech and language delays: language skills are the foundation of learning. If a child is significantly struggling with speaking, understanding, or using language expectedly (e.g., difficulty forming sentences, struggles pronouncing words, or differences in their ability to follow simple directions), this could be an early sign of a learning disability.
Trouble with fine motor tasks: if a child has difficulty with tasks like holding a pencil (or crayon), using scissors, or buttoning buttons, this could signal challenges related to a learning disability in writing.
Difficulty learning new words or concepts: preschoolers are usually rapidly learning new words and ideas. If a child has difficulty in learning new vocabulary words or concepts (such as colors, shapes, numbers, or opposites), this may indicate a learning disability.
Differences in memory skills or difficulties following directions: young children can struggle to remember or follow through on multiple-step directions. If this remains an ongoing challenge, it may signal an underlying issue.
Inability to recognize patterns or rhyming words: recognizing patterns (in numbers, shapes, or sounds) is critical for learning to read and complete math activities. If a preschooler has difficulties recognizing rhyming words, counting, or matching similar objects, this could signal a disability.
How Young Can a Learning Disability be Identified?
With the above signs in mind, differences in learning can be identified in preschool. It can sometimes be difficult for a formal diagnosis to be made before a child has started school or received direct academic instruction. While preschoolers may not undergo a formal evaluation until they begin school, certain signs can prompt parents and educators to take additional action.
Identification and diagnosis are different. Identification suggests when differences can be seen or noticed. Diagnosis requires that a specific set of check boxes be met. The previously described signs can be noticed as early as preschool; however, part of the criteria for a learning disorder diagnosis highlights that differences related to reading, writing, and/or math, must remain even after the student has received extra support (e.g., extra work with their parent, tutoring, or school support) to target areas of difference. This often does not occur until a student begins school, is identified as struggling to learn academic concepts, and receives intervention or tutoring.
Why Early Diagnosis Matters?
The earlier a learning disability is identified, the sooner your child can receive the support and instruction that they need to learn. Early intervention is critical and necessary so a student can build their academic skills in all areas. In addition, children who struggle academically but do not receive the support they need can become frustrated, anxious, or discouraged, which can lead to emotional symptoms and, possibly, diagnosis. Early identification and support help build the foundation of understanding and create an environment where all children can thrive. Additionally, children with learning disorders often need specialized teaching and accommodation to help them succeed in school. This could include working with a learning specialist, using assistive technology, or receiving speech and language therapy. The sooner these supports are put into place, the sooner a child can start to really build their skills. Finally, early identification and support can prevent more significant challenges later on. Early intervention can help children develop coping strategies, learn to advocate for their needs, improve their skills, and avoid falling further behind their peers.
What Can Parents Do?
As a parent, the first step is to trust your instincts. If you notice signs of learning challenges or differences in your young child, take note and speak with their pediatrician, preschool teachers, or other professionals. The earlier these challenges are identified, the more likely your child is to receive the support they need to succeed.
Be proactive in advocating for your child’s needs. Ask for screenings with their pediatrician or preschool or assessments if you have concerns and seek out specialists if necessary. You can also create a supportive home environment by providing structure, using positive reinforcement, and encouraging a love for learning through play and exploration. At Monarch, we can identify learning differences as early as kindergarten. Want to learn more? Reach out today.
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